What is depolarization vs repolarization?

Depolarization and repolarization are two key processes that occur during action potentials in neurons and muscle cells.

Depolarization is the process in which the membrane potential of a cell becomes more positive, typically as a result of the influx of positively charged ions such as sodium (Na+) or calcium (Ca2+). This depolarization phase is crucial for the initiation and propagation of action potentials, which are the electrical signals that allow neurons to communicate with each other and muscle cells to contract.

Repolarization, on the other hand, is the process in which the membrane potential of a cell returns to its resting state after depolarization. This involves the efflux of positively charged ions such as potassium (K+), which helps to restore the negative charge inside the cell. Repolarization is essential for the cell to reset and prepare for another action potential.

Overall, depolarization and repolarization are key components of the electrical signaling process in cells, enabling them to communicate and function properly.